The Movingo integrated ticket: seamless connections across the mälardalen region of Sweden

ABSTRACT

The need for improved public transport (PT) ticketing in ever-growing deregulated PT markets has made well-designed integrated ticketing systems a priority area of intervention for PT service providers around the world. Yet, very little practical evidence of its impacts are reported in Sweden and in the world at large. The focus of this study was the impacts of the Movingo integrated ticketing scheme in terms of PT patronage, user satisfaction and the perceived quality of the ticketing set-up. Three travel surveys were conducted along the Stockholm-Uppsala route. Methods including logistic regression and correlated t-tests were used to analyse the samples. The findings suggest that the scheme made rail commuting more attractive resulting in an overall increase of about 24% in ticket sales with 3% – 15% car commuters reporting that they patronised PT services after the project. The scheme also resulted in increased rail commuter satisfaction. The overall perceived quality of the ticketing set-up did not however improve due to interoperability challenges. Service providers’ uncertainty about equitable distribution of revenue among the participating service providers, interoperability challenges and the lack of interest among most of the participating service providers to sell Movingo tickets are some issues to be addressed.     

高铁站功能区布局优化模型研究

为使高铁站功能区的布局更加科学合理,论文以旅客在高铁站房内的平均走行时间最少和高铁站建造成本最低为目标,综合考虑功能区的面积、长宽比例、功能区禁止重叠、流线等约束条件,构建基于多目标混合规划的高铁站功能区布局优化模型,通过算例验证了模型的有效性。该方法得出的结论可以为高铁站功能区布局的规划设计提供参考。     

面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化

考虑网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicle, CAV)应用先进的车联网与自动驾驶技术，可以采用智能交叉口的组织形式，大幅提升交叉口的通行效率，为降低CAV与人工驾驶车辆(Human-driven Vehicle, HV)混行条件下城市交通系统的整体出行成本，提出智能交叉口在城 市交通网络中的布局优化问题，建立数学优化模型并求解。首先，基于对两类车辆行驶特性的分析，建立混合用户均衡模型，描述CAV与HV的路径选择行为；其次，从交通规划者的角度，以系统最优为目标，整合混合用户均衡模型，建立面向新型混合交通流的智能交叉口网络布局优化模型，并利用改进的遗传算法求解；最后，选取Sioux-Falls交通网络作为案例分析，验证模型与算法的有效性，并研究CAV渗透率变化对优化结果的影响。研究表明，智能交叉口在城市路网中的合理规划极大地提高了新型混行场景下城市交通系统的出行效率，同时，大幅降低了由于网联自动 驾驶单方面技术优势带来的CAV与HV的出行效率差距，增进了出行公平性。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

200km/h客货共线单线隧道内接触网设计探讨

通过对遂渝线单线隧道内接触网悬挂的介绍,探讨了以新的设计方式进行速度200 km/h客货共线隧道内接触网平面设计的方法,并通过遂渝线情况的研究,对下一步的设计提出了建议。     

清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。     

产业集群企业人群行为的博弈分析

产业集群的形成和成长是集群外企业不断人群的过程，企业人群的行为是一种博弈决策。文中运用博弈理论、期望理论和效用理论的基本原理，以效用期望投资收益为依据，构建出企业人群的两类博弈模型：基于期望投资收益和具有偏好性的企业人群博弈模型，推导出企业人群的集群临界欢迎概率函数。描述了集群市场对企业人群行为欢迎概率的影响因素、构成模型和变化趋势。指出企业人群的偏好性对产业集群欢迎程度的具有很大的弹性。     

关于规定曲率弯矩方程弯矩正负号的问题

阐明了曲率弯矩方程的物理概念及用此方程建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程的思路,论述了在建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程中规定弯矩正负号(简称这种规定)引起的问题:1)这种规定破坏了曲率弯矩方程所反映的物理概念及用曲率弯矩方程建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程的思路;2)这种规定导致了梁(柱)截面内力矩与梁(柱)曲率正负号无关的错误概念;3)按这种规定建立梁(柱)弯曲微分方程须记住弯矩正负号的规定,与此种规定对应的坐标系,不考虑梁(柱)曲率的正负号等3条内容,否则得出错误结果。建议材料力学在阐述梁(柱)弯曲微分方程中删去这种规定,以避免上述问题。     

铁路货物运输的随机过程分析和及时送达概率估计

应用随机过程理论，分析铁路运输系统中货物及时送达的概率分布，得到货物运输延续时间的平均值，为实现用户要求的运到期限提供了合理保证，并可通过评估与货主商定的运到期限与实际货物送达时间误差的概率，来找到货物及时送达过程中的关键环节，改进货物送达流程。最后举例说明它的应用。     

船舶浮态计算方法及船舶浮态图谱

本文用化非线性问题为线性问题的线性化方法,对非线性隐式的船舶浮态方程组进行了数值解,并在深入研究的基础上提出了两种形式浮态图谱,以便能迅速而准确地确定船舶各种不同装载情况下的浮态。本文给出了五万吨油轮“西湖”号算例。